teknologi internet

Internet merupakan teknologi yang penting dan diperlukan untuk mengakses semua informasi yang berharga dari berbagai belahan dunia. Saat ini, internet dipandang sebagai jaringan komputer terbesar di dunia. Internet dapat diartikan sebagai kumpulan jaringan komputer, baik skala besar dan kecil, yang dihubungkan oleh jaringan komunikasi dan meliputi seluruh dunia. Jadi singkatnya, Internet adalah hubungan antara komputer dan jaringan komputer yang saling berjauhan untuk berbagi data dan informasi satu sama lain. Semua orang dapat menggunakan internet, bahkan perlu mengetahui dan menggunakan internet untuk mengakses berbagai informasi. Seorang siswa dapat menggunakannya untuk belajar dan mencari bahan ajar yang diperlukan di internet. Masyarakat umum juga dapat menggunakannya untuk membaca koran, mencari hal-hal yang dipromosikan atau mempromosikan barang produksi. Internet juga dapat digunakan untuk mencari pekerjaan atau mengiformasikan pekerjaan kepada orang lain. Masyarakat juga menggunakan internet untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain. Untuk dapat mengakses internet, semua jenis komputer dapat digunakan seperti MAC, Personal Komputer, Buku Catatan, Palmtop, PDA, Mini Computer, dan lain-lain. Semua sistem operasi juga dapat digunakan, misalnya Unix, BDS, Linux, OS2, SUN, atau MacOS. Bahkan sekarang internet juga dapat diakses melalui ponsel atau handphone. Saat ini, sistem operasi yang paling populer digunakan adalah Windows. Secara teknis, spesifikasi yang digunakan di CPU komputer dengan prosesor minimal 486, 16 MB RAM, 1 GB hard disk, dan modem 28,8 Kbps yang dilengkapi dengan resolusi tinggi kartu VGA untuk menghasilkan tampilan yang baik di layar monitor. Alat untuk lebih baik dan lengkap akan membantu banyak pengguna internet, terutama untuk kecepatan proses akses. Generasi terbaru prosesor kelas Pentium (PIV), lebih dari 64 MB RAM, chipset teknologi teakhir, monitor layar lebar, multi-media, dan modem 56 Kbps dan didukung kompresi VGA 90 atau lebih tinggi, merupakan pilihan terbaik dalam memulai browsing internet. Bagi orang-orang biasa, lebih mudah untuk menggunakan Internet dengan mengunjungi warnet terdekat. Munculnya internet memberikan keuntungan luar biasa kepada siswa, dengan adanya situs yang menyediakan bahan belajar, juga menyediakan forum bagi anak-anak yang informatif dan interaktif. Tapi sayangnya, hampir semua situs pendidikan berkualitas tinggi tersedia dalam bahasa Inggris, sehingga agak sulit diakses oleh seseorang yang tanpa kemampuan bahasa yang baik. Di sini peran orang tua diperlukan untuk menemani dan menjelaskan pelajaran dan di sana, tetapi mereka juga harus memiliki kemampuan untuk berbahasa Inggris. Internet juga memberikan manfaat bagi bisnis sebagai media promosi barang dan jasa produksi. Keuntungan lainnya, setiap orang dapat membaca koran, majalah, majalah, dll tanpa harus membeli koran atau majalah. Namun, tidak dapat diingkari bahwa penggunaan internet dapat memberikan dampak buruk, terutama dengan banyak situs di internet seperti pornografi bermoral, kekerasan, penganiayaan dan pembunuhan, dan lain-lain. Hal ini dapat buruk bagi anak-anak dan siswa. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, di setiap penyedia layanan Internet atau akses Internet pribadi di rumah, disarankan untuk menggunakan sistem operasi multi-user, seperti Linux, yang dapat mengatur akses ke setiap pengguna komputer. Dengan demikian, Anda dapat menyesuaikan hak akses untuk setiap pengguna berdasarkan umur dan kondisi. Untuk anak-anak tidak diberikan akses ke situs berbahaya, dan untuk orang dewasa dapat disediakan tapi tidak direkomendasikan. Strategi lain, terutama bagi mereka yang menggunakan sistem operasi windows, dapat diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan software khusus untuk segera memblokir situs negatif tersebut. Ada banyak manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari Internet, dan karena itu dianjurkan bagi setiap orang untuk berlatih menggunakan internet dengan efisien dan efektif. Dampak negatif internet dapat diatasi dengan berbagai cara, dan untuk itu kita juga perlu belajar bagaimana cara terbaik untuk mengantisipasi mereka. Jadi makalah ini sebagai brainstorming untuk semuanya, semoga generasi masa depan Indonesia tidak mendapatkan jauh di belakang.

search engine

Using search engines (search engines) is the usual way adopted by the netters to find specific information needed in the wilderness of the world wide web (www). However, not infrequently use the search engine have yielded disappointing results, simply because the user performs the query in a way that is not quite right. The following tips can guide you expected to use search engines effectively to find the information you need:

1. Use appropriate search engines
Identified some of the current search engines, more display ads than actual search results. In addition, many search engines as site administrators to collapse, then no longer update its database. For now, Yahoo and Google are the most reliable choice.

2. Do not use keywords that are too general
Imagine, how many search results you get if you simply enter a keyword in the search engines telescope. Clearly different if you use keywords in the form of a telescope from a particular type or brand.

3. Enter a brief but clear keyword
Many people enter keywords rows so that even disrupt the search results. Short write keyword biography of astronomer Edwin Hubble will issue a pile of pages that do not relate to what is sought as compared with a more simple keywords, such as the Hubble biography. Also note the spelling of your keywords you enter. Spelling errors on keywords can bring you to obtain results that far from expectations.

4. Use Boolean operators
Keyword "AND", "OR", "NOT", with its combination would be very helpful to find sites that are more specific. Biography AND NOT Keyword Hubble telescope will take you to a page that discusses the biography of Edwin Hubble and avoid the entry of pages about space telescope with the same name in your search results.

5. Use single quotation marks for phrases intact
Some search engines require the use of quotation marks to indicate a phrase. For example, the use of keywords with the Hubble Space Telescope "Hubble Space Telescope" will give different output. The keywords are enclosed in quotation marks will usually give more accurate results. The use of quotation marks can also be combined with boolean operators to obtain more specific results, such as "Hubble Space Telescope," INTERNATIONAL launch.

6. Make Directory
some search engines provide a directory of facilities that will take you to the specific topics that have been classified in such a way as to facilitate the search process. Search engines use directories such as Yahoo, Lycos, and AltaVista. To find information related to Indonesia, it is advisable to use a local directory Indonesia, for example, Catcha, SearchIndonesia, Naver, or Incari.

7. Take advantage of special features of your search engine
Some search engines not only provide the facility to search for articles, but also multimedia files such as pictures, MP3s, and even video recordings. Meanwhile, a kind of search engine MetaCrawler sends commands to search multiple search engines at once and displays the results on one page. You can learn the special features on your favorite search engine to exploit the maximum usage.

8. Use the function "Find" on your browser
When your search engine to deliver on a particular page, you will not necessarily immediately find what you are looking for there. Suppose that the search for a biography of Edwin Hubble that you do take you to a page at the Great Ormond astronomy at this site. Do not necessarily confusion on this page first when you do not find the article you wish to search. Use the function "Find" [Ctrl-F] on your browser and type the Hubble. Well, now you can read this article about Edwin Hubble you were looking for it.

Repair Sytem32 damage

Can actually be repaired broken systems without the windows cd's how:

1. on time on the computer press F8 remember not the other F8
'Ve Pressed F8 and then Save Mode Select (Enter)
2. after admission to the wait Until the exit window to answer the question yes or No, No aja said. then you are in system restore
3. after entering the system restore select dates before the system corrupted company, you usually date in hitamkan
4. selected after a press yes and the computer will from restarting by Itself
5th. the results you computer back to normal on the date you Specify

Note: you must actively restore System

Telecomunication internet tool

Two emerging wireless technologies seem to compete. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) was born earlier than LTE (Long Term Evolution). The device and handset vendors support more easily than LTE, WiMAX in 2009. While LTE will be developed after the year 2010. Each of these technologies by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) will be candidates for 4G network standards (at least 100-Mbps data transfer) at least in the year 2009.

In LTE speeds superior to the current generation of WiMAX (IEEE.802.16e). LTE can provide downlink speeds of up to 100 Mbps and 50 Mbps uplink and can be expanded up to 250 Mbps for downstream. However, this speed will compete with WiMAX generation II (IEEE.802.16m) which will be updated in the year 2009. WiMAX II will run at 100 Mbps speed mode Mobile and fixed up to 1 Gbps (used to exchange data wirelessly). In addition to LTE and WiMAX, there is another technology that is almost similar to LTE, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), but its development is based on CDMA. UMB downstream even greater than 288 Mbps LTE is reached (with the band 20 Hz).
LTE vs. WiMAX
LTE vs WiMAX

Developed by the 3GPP LTE (GSM groups, especially Ericsson), while UMB proposed by the 3GPP group (2000 CDMA, Qualcomm especially), and WiMAX II by the WiMAX Forum (mainly Intel). For a clearer road map for the evolution of wireless technology in the world like below.

(1) GSM (2G) - GPRS (2.5G) - EDGE - WCDMA (3G) - HSDPA (3.5G) - LTE (4G)

(2) CDMA (2G) - CDMA 2000 - EV-DO (3G) - UMB (4G)

(3) Wi-Fi - WiMAX Fixed - Mobile WiMAX - WiMAX II (4G)

4G technologies like LTE and WiMAX are designed more for data transfer rather than voice, IP-based networks and stand on OFDM technology. The high-speed 4G allows voice, video, and data can be accessed in one handy device. In the future, consumers were promised will be able to download and upload high-definition video, large-capacity data services and Value Added Service (VAS) such as interactive games, access e-mail with large attachments as well as joining a video conference wherever and anytime.

LTE and WiMAX Market Opportunities

LTE, which is a development of GSM and CDMA is expected to easily penetrate into the market. GSM technology has been used most (80%) in all parts of the world. GSM and CDMA networks have been very widespread, especially in the cities of the world. It is therefore not surprised to LTE will have a larger market with WiMAX in the appeal. However, WiMAX technology is more economical for the development of new networks in rural areas. WiMAX has an investment cost which much cheaper than GSM base stations. If one of the GSM base stations will cost up to Rp1 billion invetasi same number units for WiMAX base station costs only around USD 60 million only. Market segmentation using WiMAX and LTE clear. WiMAX will be successful in rural areas that are difficult and rarely have the BTS. While LTE will thrive in urban areas, utilizing a network of base stations that are already available.

Authors: Amri Widyatmoko

Excerpted from various sources
Written by Amri Widyatmoko on December 30, 2008
15 Comments
Category: IT World, Internet World
Instant Internet Business Ideas
WiMAX: Commercial Service should nge-trend

Who does not know WiMAX? high-speed wireless technology is very highly anticipated arrival of the internet geeks. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is born as a solution faster data services on wireless Internet access. Unlike the 3G and CDMA that is focusing on voice services. WiMAX can be positioned as a complement to wireless Internet technology that already exists, ie HSPA (3G development) and CDMA2000 1x EV-DO (CDMA development).
WIMAX

WIMAX

Wireless technology services, at least divergence will not occur again, such as voice-based mobile technologies of GSM and CDMA. In the coming years can be expected that people will use WiMax for wireless Internet access and EV-DO data 3G/CDMA for mobile phones. WiMAX speed data access which can reach 72 Mbps with a range up to 50 km make this technology very attractive for implementation. WiMAX business opportunities in the hemisphere that includes operators and device vendors slowly but surely getting wide open.

WiMAX market in Asia is very big and potential. early users (early adopters), WiMAX is expected to occur in countries with large voice-based cellular penetration but low in the use of broadband Internet access, such as Malaysia, India, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia. On average in this country a new WiMAX tested while waiting for government regulation, business models, and the readiness of the device before release into commercial service.

WiMAX has long heard rumors in Indonesia. Tender for WiMAX operators will soon be on his government in early 2009. Competition between operators is expected to attract. At the beginning of the tender Palapa Ring backbone that will connect the islands in eastern Indonesia, and the construction of the USO or the primary network device "rural" and then one mile WiMAX as a "last" or access to a broadband connection in the end. The government will allocate band BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) for frequencies in the 2.3 GHz Mobile WiMAX and WiMAX equipment for 3.3 GHz. Allocation of fixed WiMAX in the frequency band is intended to prevent interference to 3.5 GHz frequency bands for satellite communications. While the majority of the frequency band of the most widely used for Mobile WiMAX in the world is 2.5 GHz.

WiMAX device vendors of local vendors who exhibited many of them, Trg WiMAX, HiMAX 231, and WiMAX chipset maker XIRKA. Hopefully, with high local content on the device WiMAX in Indonesia, the national telecommunications industry and joined a growing decrease of foreign dependence on telecommunications devices.
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Web Hosting

What Is Hosting? Hosting (Also Known as Web Hosting / rental hosting) is the rental place to accommodate the data required by a website and so cans accessed via the Internet. The data here May be a file, images, emails, applications The / programs / scripts and databases. Understanding Hosting Can be described as the Following example: a website likened equal to stall / space at the Mall. Mall Management Renting space, infrastructure, electricity, telephone and other facilities so people cans open a business. Each kiosk manager May differ, the decor is Different and Each operates in its own way. In this case the rented kiosks or certainly have limited space (eg: 10m x 7m) and the maximum is the size of the Mall building. Hosting Company provides hardware, network (infrastructure), email (telephone), and so That you Can open / create a website. Server (buildings Mall) is inhabited by many of our customers, Each customer has its limits the use of diskspace (space limitations) and of course, Each customer operates their own website.

understanding dns Server

DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that changes the host name (such as linux.or.id) into IP addresses (such as 64.29.24.175) on all computers connected directly to the Internet. DNS also can change the IP address into hostname.

DNS works in a hierarchical and shaped like a tree (tree). The upper part is a Top Level Domain (TLD) such as COM, ORG, EDU, MIL, etc.. Like the tree control have sought branches from the base to the tip. At the time we find an example linux.or.id first asked the TLD DNS server on the DNS server serving the domain. Id like answered ns1.id, after which he asked the ns1.id about the DNS server responsible for. Or . id like ns.or.id then he asked and answered ns.or.id about linux.or.id 64.29.24.175

Meanwhile, to change the IP hostname domain involves in-addr.arpa. Like other domains in-addr.arpa domain name any branching. The important thing is to remember its IP address written in reverse order under the in-addr.arpa. For example for the IP address 64.29.24.275 linux.or.id process as an example: find the server for ARPA, looking for the in-addr.arpa servers, search for 64.in-addr.arpa servers, search servers 29.64.in-addr.arpa , locate the server for 24.29.64.in-addr.arpa. And search for information 275.24.29.64.in-addr.arpa. Inverting the sequence of numbers can indeed be confusing.

DNS Server in Linux

DNS Server in Linux are usually run by a program called named. This program is part of the bind package coordinated by Paul Vixie of the Internet Software Consortium. Normally this program is located in / usr / sbin / named and run at boot time from / etc / rc.d / init.d / named start. To be named is run on every boot insert named to the list of servers that must distart using ntsysv.

Configuration Files
The configuration file for named is / etc / named.conf which as usual is a text file. This file format such as C or Pascal program format ie each command ends with ';' and block commands in parenthesis with '{' and '}'. There are some blocks that are often used, namely:

options
to set the global server configuration and determine the default
zone
to set the DNS zone configuration

Caching Only DNS Server

Caching Only DNS Server will find the answer to control and remember the answers when you ask again. This will shorten the waiting time in the next control question, especially if you are using slow connections such as modems.

Configuration
Caching-only DNS configuration file has been provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package you just install the package and edit the file / etc / named.conf and add the following line in the block options:

    forward a first;
   forwarders (
     202.158.3.6;
      202.158.3.7;
   );

Internet

Internet or an Abbreviation of the interconnected network is a global communications system links computers and computer That networks around the world, Which includes a variety of resources from the beginning of static information into dynamic and interactive. History of the Emergence and development of the Internet beginning with: Year 1962 Department of Defense, U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) decided to do research on how to connect a computer to form an organic network. This research program Known as the ARPANET, Which no other in order to avoid the centralization of information at one point Considered to be prone to be destroyed in the event of war. This method is Expected if one section of the network is lost, the path through the network Can be automatically transferred to other channels. It has been more than 10 computers connected to successfully Which one another so they want That Can Communicate with Each other and form a network.

In 1972
Roy Tomlinson managed to complete the e-mail program he created a year ago for the ARPANET. E-mail this program so easy That Became popular IMMEDIATELY. In the Same year, @ icon is Also introduced as an Important Symbol That indicates "on" or "ins". ARPANET computer network is developed outside the United States. Computer University College in London was the first computers Which is outside the United States Who Are members of the ARPAnet network. In the Same year, two computer experts to WHO Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn Presented a Bigger ideas, Which Became the Forerunner to the Internet thinking. This idea was Presented for the first time at the University of Sussex.

In 1976,
exactly on the date of March 26, 1976, is a historic day, Pls help the Queen of England managed to send an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. A year later, already more than 100 computers on ARPANET Merged to form a network or networks. In 1979 Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin, creating the first-named USENET newsgroups. In 1981 France Telecom created a buzz by launching the first TV phone, call Each Nowhere Can other people while dealing with a video link. Year 1982 For That form the network computers Becomes more and more, We need a formal protocol That is recognized by all networks. At this year established TCP or Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol or IP As We Know it all. Meanwhile in Europe appears a computer network Known as the counter Eunet, Which provides computer network services in countries of Dutch, British, Danish and Swedish. Eunet network provides e-mail and newsgroups USENET.Tahun 1984 For uniform address on existing computer networks, this system was introduced in the domain name, now We Are familiar with DNS or Domain Name System. Computers connected to the existing network has more than 1000 computers. In 1987 the number of computers connected to the network has soared 10-fold more Manjadi 10 000. Oikarinen of Finland in 1988 and simultaneously Introduce Jarko find an IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year. No fewer than 100 000 computers are now forming a network. Year 1990 is the year's most historic, Pls Tim Berners Lee to find the program editor and browser Can you surf from one computer to another, Which form a network. This is a program Called www, or the worl Wide Web. Year 1992 Computer That is connected together to forms a network already exceeds a million computers, and appeared in the Same year the term surfing the Internet. Year 1994 Internet site has grown into a page address 3000, and for the first time virtual-shopping or e-retail Appear on the Internet. The world is changing. In the Same year Yahoo! Established, Who is Also after the birth of Netscape Navigator 1.0. While the history of the Internet Itself in Indonesia began in the early 1990s, Pls the network is the Internet in Indonesia is better Known as community networks, the spirit of Cooperation Nowhere, fraternity and mutual assistance is very warm and Felt Among the perpetrators. Internet Is Somewhat Different with Indonesia in the atmosphere That feels more commercial development and the individual in the trade activities involving Those most ESPECIALLY the Internet. Cans and enjoy the new commercial Internet services in the years around 1994.

In 1979 Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin, creating the first-named USENET newsgroups. In 1981 France Telecom created a buzz by launching the first TV phone, call Each Nowhere Can other people while dealing with a video link.

Year 1982 For That form the network computers Becomes more and more, We need a formal protocol That is recognized by all networks. At this year established TCP or Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol or IP As We Know it all. Meanwhile in Europe appears a computer network Known as the counter Eunet, Which provides computer network services in countries of Dutch, British, Danish and Swedish. Eunet network provides e-mail and newsgroups USENET.Tahun 1984 For uniform address on existing computer networks, this system was introduced in the domain name, now We Are familiar with DNS or Domain Name System. Computers connected to the existing network has more than 1000 computers.

In 1987
the number of computers connected to the network has soared 10-fold more Manjadi 10 000. Oikarinen of Finland in 1988 and simultaneously Introduce Jarko find an IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the number of the interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year. No fewer Than 100 000 acres now computers forming a network. Year 1990 is the year's most historic, Pls Tim Berners Lee to find the program editor and browser Can you surf from one computer to another, Which form a network. This is a program Called www, or the worl Wide Web. Year 1992 Computer That is connected together to form a network already exceeds a million computers, and appeared in the Same year the term surfing the Internet.

Year 1994
Internet site has grown into a page address 3000, and for the first time virtual-shopping or e-retail Appear on the Internet. The world is changing. In the Same year Yahoo! Established, Who is Also after the birth of Netscape Navigator 1.0. While the history of the Internet Itself in Indonesia began in the early 1990s, Pls the network is the Internet in Indonesia is better Known as community networks, Nowhere the spirit of Cooperation, fraternity and mutual assistance is very warm and Felt Among the perpetrators. Internet Is Somewhat Different with Indonesia in the atmosphere That feels more commercial development and the individual in the trade activities involving Those most ESPECIALLY the Internet. Cans and enjoy the new commercial Internet services in the years around 1994.